特别广播英语第 205 课：The Workman's Compensation 工作者的补偿-4

In fact, one office-system expert recently said that he had yet to encounter a business work place that was functioning at more than about 60 percent efficiency. 事实上，一个办公制度专家近来说，他还没有遇到工作效率高于60%的商业网点。

Management often struggles hard to set up a situation where work is done in series: a worker receives an article of manufacture, does something to it, and passes it on to another worker, who does something else to it and then passes it on to the next guy, and so on. 管理部门经常努力创建一条龙式的工作：一个人接到产品后为之做些什么，把它传给另外一个工人，这个工人再做些什么，然后传给下一个工人，如此类推。

The assembly line is a perfect example of this. Managers like this type of manufacture because it is more efficient - that is, it achieves more production. 装配线就是一个极好的例子。经理喜欢这种生产方式，因为它效率更高，也就是说能生产出更多的产品来。

They also like it for another reason, even if they will not admit it: it makes it very difficult for the worker to do anything other than work. 尽管老板不会承认，但还有另一个喜欢这种方式的原因，它使工人很难做工作以外的其他事情。

Frederick W. Taylor, the efficiency expert who early in this century conducted the time-and-motion studies that led to the assembly-line process, tried to reduce workers to robots, all in the name of greater production. 弗雷德里克·W·泰勒，是本世纪初进行时间和运动研究的效率专家，这种研究产生了装配线工序。他试图把工人变成机器人，只是为了更大的产量。

His staff of experts, each armed with clipboard and stopwatch, studied individual workers with a view toward eliminating unnecessary movement. They soon found a great deal of opposition from the workers. 他的专家组每人配有带弹簧夹子的书写板和秒表用来研究每个工人，使他们不能偷懒。很快他们发现工人们特别反对这种做法。

Most people not directly engaged in daily work express disapproval when they hear of people working on and off. 大多数不直接从事日常工作的人听到人们"干干停停"地工作时，会表示不赞同。

A studied campaign with carefully chosen language - "a full day's work for a full day's pay," "taking a free ride" - has been pushed by certain employers to discredit the practice, and their success is such that I rarely discuss it except with other workers. 一些雇主推行了一场预先计划的运动，和"全天工作付全天报酬""只拿钱不干活"这些精心选择的语言来诋毁这种做法。除了同其他工人，我很少谈起他们的成功。

My response is personal, and I feel no need to defend it: If I am getting a free ride, how come I am so tired when I go home at the end of a shift? 我的回答是个人观点，我感到没必要为之辩护：拿钱不干活，我下班回家后怎么会那么累呢？